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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	China Organic (COFCC) China · Tier 1 Gold	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Nordic Swan Ecolabel Nordic Countries · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	China's national organic certification under the Certification and Accreditation Administration. Mandatory on any product sold as '有机' (organic) in mainland China.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	The official environmental label of the Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland). Covers ~60 product categories from cleaning products to hotels — NOT specifically an organic standard.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Several categories
Established	1985	2005	1997	1989
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by CNCA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	On-site + product review by national Ecolabel office
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Risk-based per category
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification. Each certified product carries a unique 17-digit traceability code.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria for the product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Recyclability and packaging requirements. Audited every 3-5 years against an updated standard.
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Imported organic foods must be re-certified under the Chinese standard — overseas certifications alone are not accepted for the 有机 label.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	Doesn't certify food as organic — Nordic Swan on a food package means lower-environmental-impact, not 'no synthetic pesticides'.

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