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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.
Scope	Food	Several categories
Established	1985	1928
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Risk-based	Risk-based on top of organic
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.

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