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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	BioGro New Zealand New Zealand · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	New Zealand's largest organic certifier. Recognised by the EU, US, and Japan under their respective import-equivalence regimes.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Food	Several categories
Established	1985	1928	1997	1983
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual on-site, IFOAM-accredited
Residue testing	Risk-based	Risk-based on top of organic	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Risk-based
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual on-site inspection. Covers food, textiles, and personal care under separate standards.
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	New Zealand has no single legally-mandated 'organic' definition — voluntary certification is the norm.

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