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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Canada Organic Biologique Canada · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	The federal Canadian organic standard, mandatory on any agricultural product sold across provincial borders or imported as 'organic'.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Food
Established	1985	1997	2010	2009
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by CFIA-accredited certifier
Residue testing	Risk-based	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Risk-based, conducted by accredited certifiers
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	≥95% organic ingredients (single-ingredient products: 100%). No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs, no irradiation. Annual third-party certification under the Canada Organic Regime.
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Provincial sales-only operations are not legally required to carry it (though many do voluntarily).

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