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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Bioland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	Germany's largest organic farmers' association. Bioland-certified farms operate to a stricter private standard than the EU baseline.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Food
Established	1985	2001	1971	1986
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by Bioland-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required for high-risk operations	Required	Required
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	Whole-farm conversion (no parallel conventional production). Lower permitted nitrogen inputs than EU baseline. Animal welfare standards stricter than EU baseline. Annual on-site inspection.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Like Naturland, membership-based — only Bioland-association farms can use the mark.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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