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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Food	Food	Food
Established	1985	2001	1986
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required for high-risk operations	Required
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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