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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Korea Organic South Korea · Tier 1 Gold	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	South Korea's national organic mark under MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). Required on any food sold as 유기농 in Korea.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Food
Established	1985	2001	1995	1986
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by MAFRA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required	Required	Required
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual on-site inspection by a MAFRA-accredited certifier.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Cosmetics and textiles are covered under separate Korean schemes, not this mark.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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