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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.
Scope	Food	Food	Food
Established	1985	2010	1995
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority
Residue testing	Risk-based	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Required
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.

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