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	China Organic (COFCC) China · Tier 1 Gold	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	Naturland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	China's national organic certification under the Certification and Accreditation Administration. Mandatory on any product sold as '有机' (organic) in mainland China.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	A German farmers' association whose private organic standard is stricter than the EU baseline. Covers food, aquaculture, textiles, and cosmetics. Recognised globally.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Several categories
Established	2005	1986	1995	1982
Inspection	Annual on-site by CNCA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by Naturland-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Required	Required	Required	Required
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification. Each certified product carries a unique 17-digit traceability code.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	Stricter than EU 2018/848 (lower nitrogen inputs, full-farm conversion, social standards). Annual on-site inspection. Fair-pricing requirements for member farmers.
Does NOT	Imported organic foods must be re-certified under the Chinese standard — overseas certifications alone are not accepted for the 有机 label.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Membership-based — only farms that join the Naturland association can use the mark.

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