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	China Organic (COFCC) China · Tier 1 Gold	Nordic Swan Ecolabel Nordic Countries · Tier 3 Specialty	India Organic (NPOP) India · Tier 1 Gold	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	China's national organic certification under the Certification and Accreditation Administration. Mandatory on any product sold as '有机' (organic) in mainland China.	The official environmental label of the Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland). Covers ~60 product categories from cleaning products to hotels — NOT specifically an organic standard.	India's national organic mark under the National Programme for Organic Production. Administered by APEDA; required on any food exported as organic and increasingly on domestic packaging.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	2005	1989	2001	1997
Inspection	Annual on-site by CNCA-accredited certifier	On-site + product review by national Ecolabel office	Annual on-site by APEDA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)
Residue testing	Required	Risk-based per category	Required for export shipments	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification. Each certified product carries a unique 17-digit traceability code.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria for the product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Recyclability and packaging requirements. Audited every 3-5 years against an updated standard.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.
Does NOT	Imported organic foods must be re-certified under the Chinese standard — overseas certifications alone are not accepted for the 有机 label.	Doesn't certify food as organic — Nordic Swan on a food package means lower-environmental-impact, not 'no synthetic pesticides'.	Domestic-only sales can also use FSSAI's 'Jaivik Bharat' mark — if you see only 'Jaivik Bharat' without 'India Organic', the supply chain may be PGS-India rather than NPOP-accredited.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.

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