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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted	Bioland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.	Germany's largest organic farmers' association. Bioland-certified farms operate to a stricter private standard than the EU baseline.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.
Scope	Cosmetics	Food	Food	Food
Established	2010	1986	1971	1995
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by Bioland-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required	Required	Required
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).	Whole-farm conversion (no parallel conventional production). Lower permitted nitrogen inputs than EU baseline. Animal welfare standards stricter than EU baseline. Annual on-site inspection.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.	Like Naturland, membership-based — only Bioland-association farms can use the mark.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.

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