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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	ECO Ecocert France · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	France-based independent certifier operating in 130+ countries. One of the world's largest organic + cosmetics + textile certifiers. The 'Ecocert' wordmark on a package usually means Ecocert was the accredited body that ran the inspection against the national/EU standard.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.
Scope	Cosmetics	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	2010	1991	2010	1985
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site, ISO 17065-accredited	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers
Residue testing	Risk-based	Risk-based per standard	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Risk-based
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	Inspection against the relevant national or private organic standard (EU 2018/848, USDA NOP, COSMOS, GOTS, Fair for Life, etc.). Annual on-site inspection. Accredited under multiple national systems including USDA NOP and EU 2018/848.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Ecocert is the certifier, not the standard — the actual rules come from whichever organic regulation the product is certified under.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.

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