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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	EU Organic (Euro-Leaf) European Union · Tier 1 Gold	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The mandatory mark for any pre-packaged organic food sold in the EU. The 'Euro-Leaf' is a stylised leaf made of twelve white stars on a green background.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.
Scope	Cosmetics	Food	Food	Food
Established	2010	2010	2010	1995
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by accredited control body in producer country	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority
Residue testing	Risk-based	Risk-based; mandatory at higher-risk operations	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Required
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	At least 95% of agricultural ingredients are organic (regulation EU 2018/848). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Animal welfare standards (outdoor access, lower stocking density, no routine antibiotics). Annual inspection by an accredited control body in the producing member state. Mandatory display of the certifier's code and origin (e.g. 'EU Agriculture' / 'Non-EU Agriculture').	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Doesn't ban the natural pesticides allowed under the regulation (copper sulphate, spinosad). Doesn't certify processed-food additives beyond the EU's permitted list.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.

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