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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Soil Association Organic United Kingdom · Tier 2 Trusted	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	The UK's largest organic certifier. Standards are stricter than the UK government's baseline (which still mirrors EU 2018/848 post-Brexit). Recognised by the EU and USA under equivalence.	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.
Scope	Cosmetics	Food	Several categories	Several categories
Established	2010	1997	1946	1992
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual on-site, UKAS-accredited	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body
Residue testing	Risk-based	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Risk-based	Per-category limits
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	Stricter-than-baseline organic standards across food, textiles, cosmetics, and farming. Annual on-site inspection. Animal welfare standards (outdoor access, lower stocking density).	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	Logo is trademarked — not a free-licence mark.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.

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