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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Global Organic Textile Standard Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The strictest, most widely-recognised standard for organic textiles. Covers the full supply chain from organic fibre to finished garment, with environmental AND social criteria.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.
Scope	Cosmetics	Textiles	Food	Food
Established	2010	2002	2010	1997
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site, IOAS-accredited	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required for finished products	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	≥70% certified-organic natural fibre (the 'organic' grade requires ≥95%). Restricted dyes, no chlorine bleach, no formaldehyde, no banned heavy metals. Wastewater treatment requirements. Social standards based on ILO core conventions (no child labour, no forced labour, fair wages, safe workplace). Annual on-site inspection by IOAS-accredited certifier.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Doesn't cover non-textile components (zips, buttons, prints) beyond the chemical-restriction list.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.

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