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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	India Organic (NPOP) India · Tier 1 Gold	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Rainforest Alliance Global · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	India's national organic mark under the National Programme for Organic Production. Administered by APEDA; required on any food exported as organic and increasingly on domestic packaging.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Sustainable-agriculture certification (post-2020 merged standard with UTZ). Covers environmental, social, and economic criteria. NOT an organic mark.
Scope	Cosmetics	Food	Food	Food
Established	2010	2001	2010	1987
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by APEDA-accredited certifier	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual third-party audit (RA-accredited)
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required for export shipments	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Risk-based
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	Reduced (not eliminated) synthetic pesticide use, with bans on the most hazardous classes. Forest conservation requirements (no deforestation after the cut-off date). Worker welfare and community development requirements. Annual third-party audit.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Domestic-only sales can also use FSSAI's 'Jaivik Bharat' mark — if you see only 'Jaivik Bharat' without 'India Organic', the supply chain may be PGS-India rather than NPOP-accredited.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Allows synthetic pesticides — does NOT meet any organic standard. Often confused with organic but it's a different programme.

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