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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.
Scope	Cosmetics	Food	Food	Food
Established	2010	1995	2001	1985
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required	Required for high-risk operations	Risk-based
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.

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