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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Naturland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	A German farmers' association whose private organic standard is stricter than the EU baseline. Covers food, aquaculture, textiles, and cosmetics. Recognised globally.	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Cosmetics	Several categories	Several categories	Food
Established	2010	1982	1992	1986
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Naturland-accredited inspectors	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required	Per-category limits	Required
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	Stricter than EU 2018/848 (lower nitrogen inputs, full-farm conversion, social standards). Annual on-site inspection. Fair-pricing requirements for member farmers.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Membership-based — only farms that join the Naturland association can use the mark.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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