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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Nordic Swan Ecolabel Nordic Countries · Tier 3 Specialty	Ø Ø-mærket (Denmark) Denmark · Tier 1 Gold	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The official environmental label of the Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland). Covers ~60 product categories from cleaning products to hotels — NOT specifically an organic standard.	Denmark's national organic mark, owned by the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. The red Ø is one of the most-trusted food labels in the world — recognised by ~98% of Danish consumers.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.
Scope	Cosmetics	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	2010	1989	1989	2001
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	On-site + product review by national Ecolabel office	Annual on-site by Danish Veterinary and Food Administration	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier
Residue testing	Risk-based	Risk-based per category	Required	Required for high-risk operations
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria for the product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Recyclability and packaging requirements. Audited every 3-5 years against an updated standard.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Direct government control (not a private body) — the unusual Danish model that drives high consumer trust.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Doesn't certify food as organic — Nordic Swan on a food package means lower-environmental-impact, not 'no synthetic pesticides'.	Outside Denmark, retailers usually rely on the EU Leaf rather than the Ø.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.

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