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	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) United States · Tier 2 Trusted	Bioland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	A 'beyond organic' standard developed by the Regenerative Organic Alliance (Patagonia, Rodale Institute, Dr. Bronner's, others). Built on top of USDA Organic; adds soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness pillars.	Germany's largest organic farmers' association. Bioland-certified farms operate to a stricter private standard than the EU baseline.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.
Scope	Cosmetics	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	2010	2018	1971	2001
Inspection	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by ROA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Bioland-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier
Residue testing	Risk-based	Per USDA NOP	Required	Required for high-risk operations
Guarantees	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	USDA Organic baseline (or equivalent) is a prerequisite. Soil health: cover cropping, no-till or reduced-till, conservation crop rotation, compost. Animal welfare: pasture-based, Five Freedoms, prohibits factory-farm conditions. Social fairness: living wage, freedom of association, safe workplace, no forced or child labour. Three tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold based on adoption depth.	Whole-farm conversion (no parallel conventional production). Lower permitted nitrogen inputs than EU baseline. Animal welfare standards stricter than EU baseline. Annual on-site inspection.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Newer label (2018+) — supply still limited, mostly US brands.	Like Naturland, membership-based — only Bioland-association farms can use the mark.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.

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