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	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Tún (Iceland) Iceland · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	Vottunarstofan Tún is Iceland's only accredited organic certifier. Accredited by MAST (Matvælastofnun) under the EU 2018/848-equivalent Icelandic standard, so a Tún-certified product is also recognised as EU-organic.
Scope	Food	Food	Food
Established	1986	1985	1994
Inspection	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site, MAST-accredited
Residue testing	Required	Risk-based	Required for at-risk operations
Guarantees	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	≥95% organic ingredients per EU rules. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual on-site inspection. Animal welfare standards (outdoor / pasture access, geothermally-warmed greenhouse compatibility for vegetables).
Does NOT	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	There aren't many Tún-certified operations (~120–160) — coverage in the Icelandic market is narrower than in the EU mainland.

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