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	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Global Organic Textile Standard Global · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	The strictest, most widely-recognised standard for organic textiles. Covers the full supply chain from organic fibre to finished garment, with environmental AND social criteria.
Scope	Several categories	Food	Food	Textiles
Established	1928	1985	2001	2002
Inspection	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site, IOAS-accredited
Residue testing	Risk-based on top of organic	Risk-based	Required for high-risk operations	Required for finished products
Guarantees	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	≥70% certified-organic natural fibre (the 'organic' grade requires ≥95%). Restricted dyes, no chlorine bleach, no formaldehyde, no banned heavy metals. Wastewater treatment requirements. Social standards based on ILO core conventions (no child labour, no forced labour, fair wages, safe workplace). Annual on-site inspection by IOAS-accredited certifier.
Does NOT	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't cover non-textile components (zips, buttons, prints) beyond the chemical-restriction list.

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