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	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Naturland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted	NATRUE European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.	A German farmers' association whose private organic standard is stricter than the EU baseline. Covers food, aquaculture, textiles, and cosmetics. Recognised globally.	An EU-based natural-and-organic cosmetics certification. Three grades: Natural, Natural with Organic portion, and Organic.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.
Scope	Several categories	Several categories	Cosmetics	Food
Established	1928	1982	2007	1985
Inspection	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by Naturland-accredited inspectors	Annual third-party audit	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers
Residue testing	Risk-based on top of organic	Required	Risk-based	Risk-based
Guarantees	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.	Stricter than EU 2018/848 (lower nitrogen inputs, full-farm conversion, social standards). Annual on-site inspection. Fair-pricing requirements for member farmers.	Restricted ingredient list (no synthetic fragrances, no silicones, no PEGs). Tiered organic content: Natural with Organic portion ≥70% certified organic; Organic ≥95%. Annual third-party verification.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).
Does NOT	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.	Membership-based — only farms that join the Naturland association can use the mark.	Mark is trademark-protected.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.

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