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	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Rainforest Alliance Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Korea Organic South Korea · Tier 1 Gold	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.	Sustainable-agriculture certification (post-2020 merged standard with UTZ). Covers environmental, social, and economic criteria. NOT an organic mark.	South Korea's national organic mark under MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). Required on any food sold as 유기농 in Korea.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).
Scope	Several categories	Food	Food	Cosmetics
Established	1928	1987	2001	2010
Inspection	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors	Annual third-party audit (RA-accredited)	Annual on-site by MAFRA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier
Residue testing	Risk-based on top of organic	Risk-based	Required	Risk-based
Guarantees	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.	Reduced (not eliminated) synthetic pesticide use, with bans on the most hazardous classes. Forest conservation requirements (no deforestation after the cut-off date). Worker welfare and community development requirements. Annual third-party audit.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual on-site inspection by a MAFRA-accredited certifier.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.
Does NOT	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.	Allows synthetic pesticides — does NOT meet any organic standard. Often confused with organic but it's a different programme.	Cosmetics and textiles are covered under separate Korean schemes, not this mark.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.

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