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	EU Organic (Euro-Leaf) European Union · Tier 1 Gold	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Canada Organic Biologique Canada · Tier 1 Gold	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The mandatory mark for any pre-packaged organic food sold in the EU. The 'Euro-Leaf' is a stylised leaf made of twelve white stars on a green background.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	The federal Canadian organic standard, mandatory on any agricultural product sold across provincial borders or imported as 'organic'.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Food
Established	2010	1985	2009	2010
Inspection	Annual on-site by accredited control body in producer country	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by CFIA-accredited certifier	Annual third-party audit + lab testing
Residue testing	Risk-based; mandatory at higher-risk operations	Risk-based	Risk-based, conducted by accredited certifiers	GMO testing only (not pesticide)
Guarantees	At least 95% of agricultural ingredients are organic (regulation EU 2018/848). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Animal welfare standards (outdoor access, lower stocking density, no routine antibiotics). Annual inspection by an accredited control body in the producing member state. Mandatory display of the certifier's code and origin (e.g. 'EU Agriculture' / 'Non-EU Agriculture').	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	≥95% organic ingredients (single-ingredient products: 100%). No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs, no irradiation. Annual third-party certification under the Canada Organic Regime.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.
Does NOT	Doesn't ban the natural pesticides allowed under the regulation (copper sulphate, spinosad). Doesn't certify processed-food additives beyond the EU's permitted list.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Provincial sales-only operations are not legally required to carry it (though many do voluntarily).	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.

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