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	EU Organic (Euro-Leaf) European Union · Tier 1 Gold	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Global Organic Textile Standard Global · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The mandatory mark for any pre-packaged organic food sold in the EU. The 'Euro-Leaf' is a stylised leaf made of twelve white stars on a green background.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The strictest, most widely-recognised standard for organic textiles. Covers the full supply chain from organic fibre to finished garment, with environmental AND social criteria.
Scope	Food	Food	Cosmetics	Textiles
Established	2010	1985	2010	2002
Inspection	Annual on-site by accredited control body in producer country	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site, IOAS-accredited
Residue testing	Risk-based; mandatory at higher-risk operations	Risk-based	Risk-based	Required for finished products
Guarantees	At least 95% of agricultural ingredients are organic (regulation EU 2018/848). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Animal welfare standards (outdoor access, lower stocking density, no routine antibiotics). Annual inspection by an accredited control body in the producing member state. Mandatory display of the certifier's code and origin (e.g. 'EU Agriculture' / 'Non-EU Agriculture').	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	≥70% certified-organic natural fibre (the 'organic' grade requires ≥95%). Restricted dyes, no chlorine bleach, no formaldehyde, no banned heavy metals. Wastewater treatment requirements. Social standards based on ILO core conventions (no child labour, no forced labour, fair wages, safe workplace). Annual on-site inspection by IOAS-accredited certifier.
Does NOT	Doesn't ban the natural pesticides allowed under the regulation (copper sulphate, spinosad). Doesn't certify processed-food additives beyond the EU's permitted list.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Doesn't cover non-textile components (zips, buttons, prints) beyond the chemical-restriction list.

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