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	Fair for Life Global · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	EU Organic (Euro-Leaf) European Union · Tier 1 Gold	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Combined organic + fair-trade + social-responsibility certification. Issued by Ecocert (originally developed by IMOswiss). Stricter than baseline Fairtrade on labour conditions; often paired with an organic mark on the same product.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	The mandatory mark for any pre-packaged organic food sold in the EU. The 'Euro-Leaf' is a stylised leaf made of twelve white stars on a green background.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).
Scope	Several categories	Food	Food	Cosmetics
Established	2006	2001	2010	2010
Inspection	Annual on-site, Ecocert-administered	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by accredited control body in producer country	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier
Residue testing	Risk-based	Required for high-risk operations	Risk-based; mandatory at higher-risk operations	Risk-based
Guarantees	Fair pricing for producers. Compliance with ILO core conventions on labour rights, no forced or child labour. Environmental criteria including organic-or-equivalent farming practices. Annual on-site audit by Ecocert.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	At least 95% of agricultural ingredients are organic (regulation EU 2018/848). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Animal welfare standards (outdoor access, lower stocking density, no routine antibiotics). Annual inspection by an accredited control body in the producing member state. Mandatory display of the certifier's code and origin (e.g. 'EU Agriculture' / 'Non-EU Agriculture').	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.
Does NOT	Doesn't itself mean organic — pair with an organic mark for the full picture.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't ban the natural pesticides allowed under the regulation (copper sulphate, spinosad). Doesn't certify processed-food additives beyond the EU's permitted list.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.

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