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	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) United States · Tier 2 Trusted	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	A 'beyond organic' standard developed by the Regenerative Organic Alliance (Patagonia, Rodale Institute, Dr. Bronner's, others). Built on top of USDA Organic; adds soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness pillars.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Cosmetics	Several categories
Established	1997	2018	2010	1992
Inspection	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual on-site by ROA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body
Residue testing	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Per USDA NOP	Risk-based	Per-category limits
Guarantees	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	USDA Organic baseline (or equivalent) is a prerequisite. Soil health: cover cropping, no-till or reduced-till, conservation crop rotation, compost. Animal welfare: pasture-based, Five Freedoms, prohibits factory-farm conditions. Social fairness: living wage, freedom of association, safe workplace, no forced or child labour. Three tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold based on adoption depth.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.
Does NOT	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	Newer label (2018+) — supply still limited, mostly US brands.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.

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