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	Global Organic Textile Standard Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The strictest, most widely-recognised standard for organic textiles. Covers the full supply chain from organic fibre to finished garment, with environmental AND social criteria.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.
Scope	Textiles	Food	Food	Food
Established	2002	1995	2010	1985
Inspection	Annual on-site, IOAS-accredited	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers
Residue testing	Required for finished products	Required	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Risk-based
Guarantees	≥70% certified-organic natural fibre (the 'organic' grade requires ≥95%). Restricted dyes, no chlorine bleach, no formaldehyde, no banned heavy metals. Wastewater treatment requirements. Social standards based on ILO core conventions (no child labour, no forced labour, fair wages, safe workplace). Annual on-site inspection by IOAS-accredited certifier.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).
Does NOT	Doesn't cover non-textile components (zips, buttons, prints) beyond the chemical-restriction list.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.

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