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	Global Organic Textile Standard Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	China Organic (COFCC) China · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	The strictest, most widely-recognised standard for organic textiles. Covers the full supply chain from organic fibre to finished garment, with environmental AND social criteria.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	China's national organic certification under the Certification and Accreditation Administration. Mandatory on any product sold as '有机' (organic) in mainland China.
Scope	Textiles	Food	Food	Food
Established	2002	2010	1995	2005
Inspection	Annual on-site, IOAS-accredited	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by CNCA-accredited certifier
Residue testing	Required for finished products	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Required	Required
Guarantees	≥70% certified-organic natural fibre (the 'organic' grade requires ≥95%). Restricted dyes, no chlorine bleach, no formaldehyde, no banned heavy metals. Wastewater treatment requirements. Social standards based on ILO core conventions (no child labour, no forced labour, fair wages, safe workplace). Annual on-site inspection by IOAS-accredited certifier.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification. Each certified product carries a unique 17-digit traceability code.
Does NOT	Doesn't cover non-textile components (zips, buttons, prints) beyond the chemical-restriction list.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Imported organic foods must be re-certified under the Chinese standard — overseas certifications alone are not accepted for the 有机 label.

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