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	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Canada Organic Biologique Canada · Tier 1 Gold	Nordic Swan Ecolabel Nordic Countries · Tier 3 Specialty	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	The federal Canadian organic standard, mandatory on any agricultural product sold across provincial borders or imported as 'organic'.	The official environmental label of the Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland). Covers ~60 product categories from cleaning products to hotels — NOT specifically an organic standard.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Several categories	Food	Several categories	Food
Established	1972	2009	1989	1986
Inspection	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual on-site by CFIA-accredited certifier	On-site + product review by national Ecolabel office	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Risk-based, conducted by accredited certifiers	Risk-based per category	Required
Guarantees	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	≥95% organic ingredients (single-ingredient products: 100%). No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs, no irradiation. Annual third-party certification under the Canada Organic Regime.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria for the product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Recyclability and packaging requirements. Audited every 3-5 years against an updated standard.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	Provincial sales-only operations are not legally required to carry it (though many do voluntarily).	Doesn't certify food as organic — Nordic Swan on a food package means lower-environmental-impact, not 'no synthetic pesticides'.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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