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	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Naturland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	A German farmers' association whose private organic standard is stricter than the EU baseline. Covers food, aquaculture, textiles, and cosmetics. Recognised globally.
Scope	Several categories	Food	Cosmetics	Several categories
Established	1972	1986	2010	1982
Inspection	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Naturland-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Required	Risk-based	Required
Guarantees	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	Stricter than EU 2018/848 (lower nitrogen inputs, full-farm conversion, social standards). Annual on-site inspection. Fair-pricing requirements for member farmers.
Does NOT	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Membership-based — only farms that join the Naturland association can use the mark.

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