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	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	ECO Ecocert France · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	France-based independent certifier operating in 130+ countries. One of the world's largest organic + cosmetics + textile certifiers. The 'Ecocert' wordmark on a package usually means Ecocert was the accredited body that ran the inspection against the national/EU standard.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.
Scope	Several categories	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	1972	1991	2010	1985
Inspection	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual on-site, ISO 17065-accredited	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers
Residue testing	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Risk-based per standard	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Risk-based
Guarantees	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	Inspection against the relevant national or private organic standard (EU 2018/848, USDA NOP, COSMOS, GOTS, Fair for Life, etc.). Annual on-site inspection. Accredited under multiple national systems including USDA NOP and EU 2018/848.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).
Does NOT	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	Ecocert is the certifier, not the standard — the actual rules come from whichever organic regulation the product is certified under.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.

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