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	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	Canada Organic Biologique Canada · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	The federal Canadian organic standard, mandatory on any agricultural product sold across provincial borders or imported as 'organic'.
Scope	Several categories	Food	Food	Food
Established	1972	1997	1995	2009
Inspection	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by CFIA-accredited certifier
Residue testing	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Required	Risk-based, conducted by accredited certifiers
Guarantees	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	≥95% organic ingredients (single-ingredient products: 100%). No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs, no irradiation. Annual third-party certification under the Canada Organic Regime.
Does NOT	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Provincial sales-only operations are not legally required to carry it (though many do voluntarily).

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