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	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.
Scope	Several categories	Food	Cosmetics	Several categories
Established	1972	2001	2010	1992
Inspection	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body
Residue testing	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Required for high-risk operations	Risk-based	Per-category limits
Guarantees	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.
Does NOT	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.

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