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	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.
Scope	Several categories	Food	Food	Food
Established	1972	2001	1995	1997
Inspection	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)
Residue testing	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Required for high-risk operations	Required	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues
Guarantees	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.
Does NOT	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.

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