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	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Rainforest Alliance Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	Sustainable-agriculture certification (post-2020 merged standard with UTZ). Covers environmental, social, and economic criteria. NOT an organic mark.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.
Scope	Several categories	Food	Food	Food
Established	1972	1987	1986	2001
Inspection	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual third-party audit (RA-accredited)	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier
Residue testing	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Risk-based	Required	Required for high-risk operations
Guarantees	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	Reduced (not eliminated) synthetic pesticide use, with bans on the most hazardous classes. Forest conservation requirements (no deforestation after the cut-off date). Worker welfare and community development requirements. Annual third-party audit.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.
Does NOT	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	Allows synthetic pesticides — does NOT meet any organic standard. Often confused with organic but it's a different programme.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.

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