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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.
Scope	Food	Food	Several categories	Food
Established	2001	1985	1972	1995
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	Risk-based	Delegated to accredited certifiers	Required
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.

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