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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Canada Organic Biologique Canada · Tier 1 Gold	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The federal Canadian organic standard, mandatory on any agricultural product sold across provincial borders or imported as 'organic'.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.
Scope	Food	Cosmetics	Food	Food
Established	2001	2010	2009	2010
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by CFIA-accredited certifier	Annual third-party audit + lab testing
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	Risk-based	Risk-based, conducted by accredited certifiers	GMO testing only (not pesticide)
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	≥95% organic ingredients (single-ingredient products: 100%). No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs, no irradiation. Annual third-party certification under the Canada Organic Regime.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Provincial sales-only operations are not legally required to carry it (though many do voluntarily).	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.

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