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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	KRAV (Sweden) Sweden · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.	Sweden's leading organic mark. Built on the EU 2018/848 baseline plus stricter Swedish add-ons covering animal welfare, climate impact, and social conditions.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	2001	1928	1985	1986
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by KRAV-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	Risk-based on top of organic	Required	Required
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.	EU baseline organic PLUS Swedish-specific welfare and climate add-ons. Annual on-site inspection. Climate footprint accounting on KRAV-certified farms.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.	Mark is trademark-protected.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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