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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	Soil Association Organic United Kingdom · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	The UK's largest organic certifier. Standards are stricter than the UK government's baseline (which still mirrors EU 2018/848 post-Brexit). Recognised by the EU and USA under equivalence.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Several categories
Established	2001	1997	1995	1946
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site, UKAS-accredited
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Required	Risk-based
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	Stricter-than-baseline organic standards across food, textiles, cosmetics, and farming. Annual on-site inspection. Animal welfare standards (outdoor access, lower stocking density).
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Logo is trademarked — not a free-licence mark.

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