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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Food	Food	Cosmetics	Food
Established	2001	1995	2010	1986
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	Required	Risk-based	Required
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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