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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Naturland Germany · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted	Rainforest Alliance Global · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	A German farmers' association whose private organic standard is stricter than the EU baseline. Covers food, aquaculture, textiles, and cosmetics. Recognised globally.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.	Sustainable-agriculture certification (post-2020 merged standard with UTZ). Covers environmental, social, and economic criteria. NOT an organic mark.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	2001	1982	1986	1987
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by Naturland-accredited inspectors	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors	Annual third-party audit (RA-accredited)
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	Required	Required	Risk-based
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	Stricter than EU 2018/848 (lower nitrogen inputs, full-farm conversion, social standards). Annual on-site inspection. Fair-pricing requirements for member farmers.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).	Reduced (not eliminated) synthetic pesticide use, with bans on the most hazardous classes. Forest conservation requirements (no deforestation after the cut-off date). Worker welfare and community development requirements. Annual third-party audit.
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Membership-based — only farms that join the Naturland association can use the mark.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.	Allows synthetic pesticides — does NOT meet any organic standard. Often confused with organic but it's a different programme.

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