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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Food
Established	2001	2010	1985	1986
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Risk-based	Required
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.

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