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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Several categories
Established	2001	2010	1997	1992
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Per-category limits
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.

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