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	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) United States · Tier 2 Trusted	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	IFM IFOAM — Organics International Global · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	A 'beyond organic' standard developed by the Regenerative Organic Alliance (Patagonia, Rodale Institute, Dr. Bronner's, others). Built on top of USDA Organic; adds soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness pillars.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	The international umbrella body for the organic movement. Not a product label — IFOAM accredits other certifiers worldwide via the IFOAM Family of Standards. If a cert is 'IFOAM-accredited' it has been benchmarked to a globally consistent baseline.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Food	Several categories
Established	2001	2018	1995	1972
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by ROA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Periodic review of accredited certifier bodies
Residue testing	Required for high-risk operations	Per USDA NOP	Required	Delegated to accredited certifiers
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	USDA Organic baseline (or equivalent) is a prerequisite. Soil health: cover cropping, no-till or reduced-till, conservation crop rotation, compost. Animal welfare: pasture-based, Five Freedoms, prohibits factory-farm conditions. Social fairness: living wage, freedom of association, safe workplace, no forced or child labour. Three tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold based on adoption depth.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	Accredited certifiers meet the IFOAM Norms and the IFOAM Family of Standards. Independent peer review of certifier governance, inspection rigor, and conflict-of-interest controls.
Does NOT	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Newer label (2018+) — supply still limited, mostly US brands.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Does NOT certify products directly — only certifiers. Look for the underlying national / private mark on the package.

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