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	Korea Organic South Korea · Tier 1 Gold	JAS Organic Japan · Tier 1 Gold	Fairtrade International Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	South Korea's national organic mark under MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). Required on any food sold as 유기농 in Korea.	Japan's national organic standard under the Japanese Agricultural Standard system. The mark must appear on any food sold as 'organic' (有機 or オーガニック) in Japan.	Certifies fair prices and conditions for producers in developing countries — not organic, not environmental. Common on coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, tea.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Food
Established	2001	2001	1997	1995
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFRA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by MAFF-registered certifier	Annual on-site by FLOCERT (independent of Fairtrade International)	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority
Residue testing	Required	Required for high-risk operations	Not for organic — Fairtrade alone doesn't test residues	Required
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual on-site inspection by a MAFRA-accredited certifier.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs. Annual inspection by a MAFF-registered certifier.	Minimum price floors for producer cooperatives. Fairtrade Premium paid into community-development funds. Bans on the worst forms of child and forced labour. Producer organisations must be small-farmer cooperatives or hired-labour plantations meeting standards.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.
Does NOT	Cosmetics and textiles are covered under separate Korean schemes, not this mark.	Mutual recognition with the US, EU, and Canada applies to specific product categories — check each agreement before importing.	Doesn't mean organic — many Fairtrade products are conventionally grown. A separate Fairtrade-Organic dual certification exists.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.

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