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	Korea Organic South Korea · Tier 1 Gold	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	South Korea's national organic mark under MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). Required on any food sold as 유기농 in Korea.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.
Scope	Food	Food	Cosmetics	Several categories
Established	2001	1995	2010	1928
Inspection	Annual on-site by MAFRA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors
Residue testing	Required	Required	Risk-based	Risk-based on top of organic
Guarantees	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual on-site inspection by a MAFRA-accredited certifier.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.
Does NOT	Cosmetics and textiles are covered under separate Korean schemes, not this mark.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.

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