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	Nordic Swan Ecolabel Nordic Countries · Tier 3 Specialty	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted	Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) United States · Tier 2 Trusted	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The official environmental label of the Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland). Covers ~60 product categories from cleaning products to hotels — NOT specifically an organic standard.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).	A 'beyond organic' standard developed by the Regenerative Organic Alliance (Patagonia, Rodale Institute, Dr. Bronner's, others). Built on top of USDA Organic; adds soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness pillars.	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.
Scope	Several categories	Cosmetics	Several categories	Several categories
Established	1989	2010	2018	1992
Inspection	On-site + product review by national Ecolabel office	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by ROA-accredited certifier	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body
Residue testing	Risk-based per category	Risk-based	Per USDA NOP	Per-category limits
Guarantees	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria for the product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Recyclability and packaging requirements. Audited every 3-5 years against an updated standard.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.	USDA Organic baseline (or equivalent) is a prerequisite. Soil health: cover cropping, no-till or reduced-till, conservation crop rotation, compost. Animal welfare: pasture-based, Five Freedoms, prohibits factory-farm conditions. Social fairness: living wage, freedom of association, safe workplace, no forced or child labour. Three tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold based on adoption depth.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify food as organic — Nordic Swan on a food package means lower-environmental-impact, not 'no synthetic pesticides'.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.	Newer label (2018+) — supply still limited, mostly US brands.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.

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