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	$OEKO-TEX Standard 100 logo$ OEKO-TEX Standard 100 Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Debio Ø (Norway) Norway · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Luomu (Finland) Finland · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	Tests finished textiles for harmful substances. Important: OEKO-TEX 100 is NOT an organic certification — it certifies that the finished item is free of certain chemicals, regardless of how the fibre was grown.	Norway's only accredited organic certifier. The Ø-merket is required on any food sold as 'økologisk' in Norway. Operates to EU 2018/848 equivalence plus Norwegian add-ons.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Finland's national organic 'Sun Mark' (Aurinkomerkki). Operated by the Finnish Food Authority. In practice most Finnish organic packaging carries both Luomu and the EU Leaf — they certify to the same baseline.
Scope	Textiles	Food	Food	Food
Established	1992	1986	2010	1995
Inspection	Annual on-site + lab testing of finished products	Annual on-site by Debio-accredited inspectors	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site by Finnish Food Authority
Residue testing	Required (this is the entire point)	Required	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Required
Guarantees	Finished textile tested against the OEKO-TEX harmful-substance limit list. Limits on heavy metals, formaldehyde, pesticide residue, banned amines, allergenic dyes.	EU baseline organic. Annual on-site inspection. Norwegian-specific welfare standards (esp. for cold-climate livestock).	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	EU baseline organic (Finnish supply chains end-to-end). Annual on-site inspection by the Finnish Food Authority.
Does NOT	Does NOT mean organic. Does NOT cover farming, dyeing chemistry beyond the limit list, or social/labour standards. A 100% conventional cotton t-shirt can be OEKO-TEX 100 certified.	Norway is outside the EU — the Ø is recognised under EEA equivalence, not direct EU equivalence.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	The Sun Mark is awarded only to fully Finnish supply chains — imports use the EU Leaf alone.

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